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Video analysis of classical ballet performance Twitchett, Emily BSc (hons) GSR, RAD RTS, AISTD, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall,West Midlands, United Kingdom; Matthew Wyon, PhD, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall,West Midlands, United Kingdom; Angioi, Manuela, MSc, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall,West Midlands, United Kingdom; and Koutedakis, Yiannis PhD, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall,West Midlands, United Kingdom |
Previous analysis of dance has largely been based upon analysing choreography from an artistic standpoint1; 2. A system of time-match analysis has been devised for field sports such as soccer, where the length of time performing activities of specific intensities, such as walking, or sprinting, were expressed as percentages of the whole match as well as discrete skills such as passing and tackles made3; 4. Previous work in dance has investigated work to rest ratios in classical ballet 5, while studies of modern dance have also investigated partner work, transitory fields such as jumping and changes of direction, the segments of the body performing the action and the descriptive nature of the action6; 7. Data exists regarding the biomechanical demands of dance such as lifting, landing and changes of direction8-10. Consequently, with the use of video analysis it may be possible to estimate the biomechanical demands of performance in conjunction with cardiorespiratory demands. To date there have been no investigations of this nature in classical ballet, therefore the aim of this study was to analyze a variety of classical ballet performances to determine physiological demands.
A total of 60 classical ballet performances (30 male and 30 female) will be analyzed using methodology described by Wyon7. Five fields will be used to analyze the performance (work intensity, body segments, partner work, transitory movements and descriptive). Data will be recorded in each field every 30 seconds, enabling work to rest ratios and the number of jumps, falls, lifts, plies and changes of direction to be calculated. Data collection is currently underway, however preliminary results show a mean work to rest ratio of 1:1.78 ± 1.3 supporting previous findings of a range of 1:1.3 - 1:35. Findings include a mean work total of 42.95±18.8 minutes, a mean number of jumps per minute 1.49±0.96, mean number of plies per minute 3.04±2.06, mean number of changes of direction per minute 0.915±0.82. The mean number of assisted lifts per minute was 0.18±0.11, and the mean number of supports per minute was 0.13± 0.08. It was also noted that full body movement was utilized during classical ballet performance. These findings suggest that performance is a high ? intensity, intermittent exercise form utilising both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. Training programmes should therefore reflect these demands in order to optimize dancers? preparation for performances.
References
1: Camurri, A. Hashimoto, S. Suzuki, K. Trocca, R. (1999). ?KANSEI analysis of dance performance?. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, IEEE SMC '99 Conference Proceedings. Vol 4, p327-332
2: Adshead-Lansdale, J. (1994). ?Dance Analysis in Performance?. Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research. 12, (2) pp. 15-20
3: HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&term=%22Ali+A%22%5BAuthor%5D" \o "Click to search for citations by this author." Ali A, HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&term=%22Farrally+M%22%5BAuthor%5D" \o "Click to search for citations by this author." Farrally M. (1991). ?A computer-video aided time motion analysis technique for match analysis.? Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 31(1) pp.82-8
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5: Cohen J, Segal K, McArdle W. (1982). ?Heart rate response to ballet stage performance?. Phys Sportmed. 10 (11) pp.120-133
6: Angioi M, Twitchett E, Wyon E. (2007) ?Basic movement video - analysis of modern dance performance?. From Cognition to Conditioning. One-day research forum on Dance Science, London, UK. Conference proceedings p.9
7: Wyon M, (2003). Cardiorespiratory demands of contemporary dance. School of life and sport sciences. London, University of Roehampton, Surrey.
8: Simpson K, Pettit M. (1997). ?Jump distance of dance landings influencing internal joint forces: II shear forces?. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 29(7) pp.916-927
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10: Trepman E, Gellman R, Solomon R, Murthy K, Micheli L, De Luca C. (1994). ?Electromyographic analysis of standing posture and demi-plie in ballet and modern dancers? Med Sci Sports Exercise. 26(6) pp.771-782
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