The development, validity and reliability of a ballet-specific performance test. A preliminary study

Twitchett, Emily BSc (hons) GSR, RAD RTS, AISTD, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall,West Midlands, United Kingdom; Matthew Wyon, PhD, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall,West Midlands, United Kingdom; Angioi, Manuela, MSc, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall,West Midlands, United Kingdom; and Koutedakis, Yiannis PhD, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Midlands, United Kingdom

The aim of this study was to design a protocol for assessing the aesthetic ability of a classical ballet dancer. To forward research into enhancing dance performance, a reliable tool to assess this performance, must be developed that is sensitive enough to monitor any changes concurrent with interventions. Research was carried out to investigate how a dancer is assessed or ?judged? by 3 internationally recognized dance examination societies, and several vocational schools. This was also compared with available judging criteria used at high level classical ballet competitions such as the Prix de Lausanne and the Genee International Ballet Competition. From this review a protocol was devised, based on 10 criteria, each which are marked on a Likert scale of 1-10 accompanied by guidance notes. The criteria include whole body co-ordination, control of limbs and body weight, use of space, accuracy and correct placing, technical skill or virtuosity, rhythmical accuracy, response to dynamics and phrasing, expression, interpretation and projection.. During the study this protocol was used in conjunction with a 90 second ballet sequence of intermediate/advanced standard which included adagio, pirouettes, allegro and batterie, and grand allegro. 10 female undergraduate dance students learnt the sequence and after 4 weeks were tested by a panel of experienced dance teachers, all of whom were made aware of the guidance notes and the need for unbiased assessment. The dancers performed the sequence solo, and were marked on that performance. The test was repeated a week later. Both tests were also video-recorded and the video performances were marked using the same panel and the same criteria. 

The results of the tests are still being analysed to determine the reliability and validity of the study.